Anestesia para colocación de nusinersen intratecal en pacientes con atrofia muscular espinal / Anesthesia for instillation of intratecal nusinersen in patients for muscular atrophy

We present a series of four patients diagnosed with Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA), 2 type II, 2 type III, for placement of spinal nusinersen/Spinraza under general anesthesia with propofol. This new treatment can improve the quality of life of these patients. Its management represents a challenge for anesthesiologists as they try to provide not only adequate general anesthesia but containment to adolescent or young patients. In particular, patients that need to enter into the operating room several times a year.

Presentamos una serie de 4 pacientes con diagnóstico de atrofia muscular espinal (AME) 2 tipo II y 2 tipo III, para colocación de nusinersen/Spinraza raquídeo bajo anestesia general con propofol. Este nuevo tratamiento puede mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Su manejo representa un desafío para los anestesiólogos que intentamos brindar no solo una adecuada anestesia general sino contención a pacientes adolescentes o jóvenes que necesitan ingresar al quirófano varias veces al año.

Urinary tract infections in hospitalized patients.

INTRODUCTION: Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) are an important cause of morbidity in the community, constituting one of the main reasons for hospitalization, and the fourth cause of healthcare-associated infection. The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency of community-acquired UTI (CA-UTI) with need of hospitalization and healthcare-associated UTI (HA-UTI), their risk factors, etiologic agents and their antimicrobial susceptibility spectrum. METHODS: A prospective and analytic study was conducted, in which all admissions regarding CA-UTI with need of hospitalization and HA-UTI were evaluated during the period between 2016 and 2017 in two university hospitals. RESULTS: A total of 279 episodes of UTI in hospitalized patients were identified and, among those, 178 episodes corresponded to CA-UTI and 101 to HA-UTI. On average, patients were 60 years old in both groups. HA-UTI were more frequently associated with kidney transplant, recurrent UTI and chronic kidney disease compared with CA-UTI. The instrumentation of urinary tract within the previous month was more frequent in HA-UTI (75.2% vs 32.6%, p<0.001). Escherichia coli was the most frequent isolated microorganism (62.9% in CA-UTI and 56.4% in HA-UTI), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A total of 101 multidrug resistant microorganisms were isolated, of which 53.5% were CA-UTI, and were associated with male patients, use of antimicrobials within the previous three months, chronic kidney disease and recurrent UTI. CONCLUSION: It is of great importance for the institutions to identify the local antimicrobial susceptibility spectrum of UTI in order to stablish adequate empiric treatments.

[Epidemiological and microbiological characteristics of uncomplicated urinary infections]. / Características epidemiológicas y microbiológicas de las infecciones urinarias no complicadas.

Introduction: Uncomplicated urinary tract infections(UC-UTI) represent a frequent reason for consultation. Most cases are empirically treated, but the antimicrobial susceptibility of the causative microorganisms has changed over the past years. The objectives of this study where to determine UC-UTI causative microorganism and their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles in adult women. Methods: A prospective analytic study was conducted in two hospital in Córdoba, Argentina, between November/2016 and October/2017. From the identification of positive urine cultures, urinary tract infections (UTI) in women ≥18 years without risk factors for complicated UTIs were included, excluding asymptomatic bacteriurias. Results: A total of 610 UC-UTI were identified and 62.6% of them in patients younger than 50 years; 73.3% of cases were cystitis, being more frequent in older women. Escherichia coli was isolated in 89.2% of UTI and negative coagulase Staphylococcus in 4.2%. As regards Escherichia coli, its resistance against ciprofloxacin was 18.8%; 4.4% against ceftriaxone and 1.8% against nitrofurantoin. There was an elevated resistance against ampicillin, trimethoprim­sulfamethoxazole and ampicillin­sulbactam. Main conclusion: The most frequent isolated microorganism was Escherichia coli, consistent with global epidemiology. This microorganism showed less than 20% total resistance against ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone and nitrofurantoin.

Introducción: Las infecciones del tracto urinario no complicadas (ITU-NoC) representan un motivo frecuente de consulta ambulatorio, siendo la mayoría tratadas empíricamente. Han existido cambios en susceptibilidad antimicrobiana en los últimos años. Nuestros objetivos fueron determinar los microorganismos de las ITU-NoC y su perfil de susceptibilidad antimicrobiana en mujeres adultas. Métodos: Estudio analítico prospectivo en dos hospitales de Córdoba, Argentina, entre noviembre/2016 y octubre/2017. A partir de la identificación de urocultivos positivos, se incluyeron las infecciones urinarias(ITUs) en mujeres ≥18 años, sin factores de riesgo para ITUs complicada, excluyéndose las bacteriurias asintomáticas. Resultados: Se identificaron 610 episodios de ITU-NoC, 382(63%) en <50 años. El 73.3% de las ITU-noC correspondieron a cistitis, siendo más frecuentes en las mujeres mayores 50 años.  En el 89.2% de las ITUs se aisló Escherichia coli y 4.2% Staphylococcus coagulasa negativo. Respecto a E. coli, su resistencia a ciprofloxacina fue de 18.8%, ceftriaxona 4.4% y nitrofurantoína 1.8%. Se observó una resistencia elevada a ampicilina, trimetoprima-sulfametoxazol y ampicilina-sulbactam. Conclusiones: En conclusión, el microorganismo más frecuentemente aislado fue E. coli, concordando con la epidemiología global, presentando una resistencia menor al 20% a ciprofloxacina, ceftriaxona y nitrofurantoína.

Masas cardíacas, utilidad de la ecocardiografía transesofágica durante el intraperioperatorio / Intracardiac tumors: utility of transesophageal echocardiography during the periodic intraoperative

We present our experience in cardiac tumor resection surgery in adult patients: 30 subjects with sternotomy approach with later diagnosis of myxomas (12), fibroelastomas (7), sarcomas (4), cardiac methastasis of a breast cancer and cardiac invasion of renal tumor (6), and 3 with videothroacoscopic approach with diagnosis of atrial myxoma (2) and intraventricular sarcoma (1). We highlight the usefulness of TEE as an essential monitor in this subtype of cardiac surgery in allowing location confirmation and completion of resection. Likewise as anesthesiologists and active participants of the surgical team, we were able to document absence of residual heart defects, lesions or perforations or dysfunction of heart valves. Evaluation of preexisting anatomy and function and post Cardiopulmonary Bypass ventricular function and circulation were important in early diagnosis of complications.

Presentamos nuestra experiencia en resección de tumores cardíacos en pacientes adultos: 30 casos con resecciones tumorales por esternotomía: 12 mixomas, 7 fibroeslastomas, 4 sarcomas, 6 tumores renales con invasión cardíaca y 1 metástasis cardíaca de cáncer de mama. En 3 pacientes las resecciones tumorales fueron por videotoracoscopía (2 mixomas y un sarcoma intraventricular). La cirugía por video supone un nuevo desafío para el anestesiólogo. Destacamos la utilidad de la ecocardiografía transesofágica como monitor, hoy imprescindible en cirugía cardíaca. Éste nos permitió confirmar la localización del tumor y su completa resección. Así mismo, como anestesiólogos y formando parte activa en el equipo quirúrgico, pudimos documentar la ausencia de defectos residuales, perforaciones o incompetencia de las válvulas cardíacas; evaluar la función ventricular y la volemia postcirculación extracorpórea, obtener información no conocida previamente y realizar así un diagnóstico precoz de complicaciones.